java - OpenSessionInViewFilter cascade merge problems -

i using opensessioninviewfilter, spring, , hibernate data access. opensessioninviewfilter configured this

<filter>         <filter-name>opensessioninviewfilter</filter-name>         <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.opensessioninviewfilter</filter-class>         <init-param>             <param-name>sessionfactorybeanname</param-name>             <param-value>sessionfactory</param-value>         </init-param>         <init-param>             <param-name>singlesession</param-name>             <param-value>false</param-value>         </init-param>     </filter> 

now have entity mapped annotations, that

@entity @table(name = "service_user") @cacheable @cache(usage = cacheconcurrencystrategy.nonstrict_read_write) public class serviceuser implements serializable {  @id @generatedvalue(generator = "service_user_id_generator", strategy = generationtype.sequence)     @sequencegenerator(name = "service_user_id_generator", sequencename = "service_user_id_gen", allocationsize = 1)     private long id;  @manytoone     @joincolumn(name = "contract_type_id")     @foreignkey(name = "service_user_ct_fk")     private serviceusercontracttype contracttype;  } 

now i'm trying construct , save new serviceuser entity. have service retrieves serviceusercontracttype database , sets corresponding field in newly created service user. method gets contarct types database marked transactional.

to save service user use

sessionfactory.getcurrentsession().merge(serviceuser) 

if try method retrive contract type

public serviceusercontracttype getcontracttype(long id){         criteria criteria = sessionfactory.getcurrentsession().createcriteria(serviceusercontracttype.class);          criteria.add(restrictions.eq("id", id));          return (serviceusercontracttype) criteria.uniqueresult();     } 

then, moment merge called recieve

object references unsaved transient instance - save transient instance before flushing 

exception. it, add cascade = cascadetype.merge @manytoone annotation in service user mapping , works. but... if use

public serviceusercontracttype getcontracttype(long id){         return (serviceusercontracttype) sessionfactory.getcurrentsession().load(serviceusercontracttype.class, id);     } 

it works without cascade merge option. difference see while debugging first method (with criteria) returns loaded contract type entity, , load variant returns uninitialized proxy.

can explain how things work in scenarios? why proxy can merged without cascade? why criteria returns not proxy initialized entity?